Hacker (computer security) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. In the computer security context, a hacker is someone who seeks and exploits weaknesses in a computer system or computer network. Hackers may be motivated by a multitude of reasons, such as profit, protest, challenge, enjoyment,[1] or to evaluate those weaknesses to assist in removing them. The subculture that has evolved around hackers is often referred to as the computer underground and is now a known community.[2] While other uses of the word hacker exist that are not related to computer security, such as referring to someone with an advanced understanding of computers and computer networks,[3] they are rarely used in mainstream context.[4] They are subject to the longstanding hacker definition controversy about the term's true meaning. In this controversy, the term hacker is reclaimed by computer programmers who argue that someone who breaks into computers, whether computer criminal (black hats) or computer security expert (white hats),[5] is more appropriately called a cracker instead.[6] Some white hat hackers[who?] claim that they also deserve the title hacker, and that only black hats should be called "crackers". History. In computer security, a hacker is someone who focuses on security mechanisms of computer and network systems. While including those who endeavor to strengthen such mechanisms, it is more often used by the mass media and popular culture to refer to those who seek access despite these security measures.
How to Hack. Primarily, hacking was used in the 'good old days' for learning information about systems and IT in general. In recent years, thanks to a few villain.
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That is, the media portrays the 'hacker' as a villain. Nevertheless, parts of the subculture see their aim in correcting security problems and use the word in a positive sense. White hat is the name given to ethical computer hackers, who utilize hacking in a helpful way. White hats are becoming a necessary part of the information security field.[7] They operate under a code, which acknowledges that breaking into other people's computers is bad, but that discovering and exploiting security mechanisms and breaking into computers is still an interesting activity that can be done ethically and legally. Accordingly, the term bears strong connotations that are favorable or pejorative, depending on the context.
The subculture around such hackers is termed network hacker subculture, hacker scene or computer underground. It initially developed in the context of phreaking during the 1.
BBS scene of the 1. It is implicated with 2. The Hacker Quarterly and the alt. In 1. 98. 0, an article in the August issue of Psychology Today (with commentary by Philip Zimbardo) used the term "hacker" in its title: "The Hacker Papers". It was an excerpt from a Stanford Bulletin Board discussion on the addictive nature of computer use. In the 1. 98. 2 film Tron, Kevin Flynn (Jeff Bridges) describes his intentions to break into ENCOM's computer system, saying "I've been doing a little hacking here".
A grey hat hacker lies between a black hat and a white hat hacker. A grey hat hacker may surf the Internet and hack into a computer system for the sole purpose of. You need to register on our site before you receive access to all our services! How to Hack a Twitter Password? Follow the easy steps below to hack Twitter passwords. Now you’ve IP address and open port address of the victim, you can now use telnet to try to access them. Make sure that you’ve telnet enabled in your computer or. Password hacking software free download to hack Facebook Google Yahoo Gmail Live.com MSN Bing hotmail youtube Blogspot Baidu qq.com twitter youku wordpress sohu. Each person want to hack into someone Facebook account for his own reason. Some people want to hack Facebook just for showing their skill of hacking. This post will show you how to hack Windows administrator password at times when you forget it or when you want to gain access to a computer for which you do not know. How Hackers Use Your IP Address to Hack Your Computer & How to Stop It Your IP (Internet Protocol) address is your unique ID on the internet.
Hack 1 (hăk) v. hacked, hack·ing, hacks v.tr. 1. To cut or chop with repeated and irregular blows: hacked down the saplings. 2. To break up the surface of (soil). 3.
CLU is the software he uses for this. By 1. 98. 3, hacking in the sense of breaking computer security had already been in use as computer jargon,[8] but there was no public awareness about such activities.[9] However, the release of the film War. Games that year, featuring a computer intrusion into NORAD, raised the public belief that computer security hackers (especially teenagers) could be a threat to national security. This concern became real when, in the same year, a gang of teenage hackers in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, known as The 4. United States and Canada, including those of Los Alamos National Laboratory, Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center and Security Pacific Bank.[1. The case quickly grew media attention,[1.
Neal Patrick emerged as the spokesman for the gang, including a cover story in Newsweek entitled "Beware: Hackers at play", with Patrick's photograph on the cover.[1. The Newsweek article appears to be the first use of the word hacker by the mainstream media in the pejorative sense. Pressured by media coverage, congressman Dan Glickman called for an investigation and began work on new laws against computer hacking.[1. Neal Patrick testified before the U. S. House of Representatives on September 2. House that year.[1. As a result of these laws against computer criminality, white hat, grey hat and black hat hackers try to distinguish themselves from each other, depending on the legality of their activities.
These moral conflicts are expressed in The Mentor's "The Hacker Manifesto", published 1. Phrack. Use of the term hacker meaning computer criminal was also advanced by the title "Stalking the Wily Hacker", an article by Clifford Stoll in the May 1. Communications of the ACM. Later that year, the release by Robert Tappan Morris, Jr. Morris worm provoked the popular media to spread this usage. The popularity of Stoll's book The Cuckoo's Egg, published one year later, further entrenched the term in the public's consciousness. Classifications. Several subgroups of the computer underground with different attitudes use different terms to demarcate themselves from each other, or try to exclude some specific group with whom they do not agree.
Eric S. Raymond, author of The New Hacker's Dictionary, advocates that members of the computer underground should be called crackers. Yet, those people see themselves as hackers and even try to include the views of Raymond in what they see as a wider hacker culture, a view that Raymond has harshly rejected. Instead of a hacker/cracker dichotomy, they emphasize a spectrum of different categories, such as white hat, grey hat, black hat and script kiddie. In contrast to Raymond, they usually reserve the term cracker for more malicious activity. According to Ralph D. Clifford, a cracker or cracking is to "gain unauthorized access to a computer in order to commit another crime such as destroying information contained in that system".[1. These subgroups may also be defined by the legal status of their activities.[1.
White hat. A white hat hacker breaks security for non- malicious reasons, perhaps to test their own security system or while working for a security company which makes security software. The term "white hat" in Internet slang refers to an ethical hacker. This classification also includes individuals who perform penetration tests and vulnerability assessments within a contractual agreement. The EC- Council,[1.
International Council of Electronic Commerce Consultants, is one of those organizations that have developed certifications, courseware, classes, and online training covering the diverse arena of ethical hacking.[1. Black hat. A "black hat" hacker is a hacker who "violates computer security for little reason beyond maliciousness or for personal gain" (Moore, 2. Black hat hackers form the stereotypical, illegal hacking groups often portrayed in popular culture, and are "the epitome of all that the public fears in a computer criminal".[1. Black hat hackers break into secure networks to destroy, modify, or steal data; or to make the network unusable for those who are authorized to use the network. Black hat hackers are also referred to as the "crackers" within the security industry and by modern programmers.
Crackers keep the awareness of the vulnerabilities to themselves and do not notify the general public or the manufacturer for patches to be applied. Individual freedom and accessibility is promoted over privacy and security. Once they have gained control over a system, they may apply patches or fixes to the system only to keep their reigning control. Richard Stallman invented the definition to express the maliciousness of a criminal hacker versus a white hat hacker who performs hacking duties to identify places to repair.[2. Grey hat. A grey hat hacker lies between a black hat and a white hat hacker. A grey hat hacker may surf the Internet and hack into a computer system for the sole purpose of notifying the administrator that their system has a security defect, for example. They may then offer to correct the defect for a fee.[1.
Grey hat hackers sometimes find the defect of a system and publish the facts to the world instead of a group of people. Even though grey hat hackers may not necessarily perform hacking for their personal gain, unauthorized access to a system can be considered illegal and unethical. Elite hacker. A social status among hackers, elite is used to describe the most skilled. Newly discovered exploits circulate among these hackers. Elite groups such as Masters of Deception conferred a kind of credibility on their members.[2.
Script kiddie. A script kiddie (also known as a skid or skiddie) is an unskilled hacker who breaks into computer systems by using automated tools written by others (usually by other black hat hackers), hence the term script (i. Neophyte. A neophyte ("newbie", or "noob") is someone who is new to hacking or phreaking and has almost no knowledge or experience of the workings of technology and hacking.[1.
Blue hat. A blue hat hacker is someone outside computer security consulting firms who is used to bug- test a system prior to its launch, looking for exploits so they can be closed. Microsoft also uses the term Blue. Hat to represent a series of security briefing events.[2.
Hacktivist. A hacktivist is a hacker who utilizes technology to publicize a social, ideological, religious or political message. Hacktivism can be divided into two main groups: Nation state. Intelligence agencies and cyberwarfare operatives of nation states.[2. Organized criminal gangs. Groups of hackers that carry out organized criminal activities for profit.[2. Attacks. A typical approach in an attack on Internet- connected system is: Network enumeration: Discovering information about the intended target.
Vulnerability analysis: Identifying potential ways of attack. Exploitation: Attempting to compromise the system by employing the vulnerabilities found through the vulnerability analysis.[2. In order to do so, there are several recurring tools of the trade and techniques used by computer criminals and security experts. Security exploits.
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